Emergency generators play a vital role in ensuring continuous power supply during outages. However, their operation can impact air quality. In the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD), regulations are in place to manage emissions from these generators. This article provides a comprehensive overview of emergency generator permits, emission standards, and operational guidelines within the South Coast AQMD.
The South Coast AQMD closely monitors and regulates emergency generators to minimize their impact on air quality. A key aspect of this regulation is the permitting process.
Do You Need a Permit?
Generally, if you operate an internal combustion engine (ICE) with a brake horsepower (bhp) greater than 50, or a gas turbine exceeding 2,975,000 British thermal units (Btu) per hour, you're required to obtain a permit to construct from the South Coast AQMD before installation. This applies whether the generator is for emergency backup or other purposes.
Most existing emergency backup generators rely on diesel fuel. It's important to understand the emissions associated with these generators.
Fortunately, cleaner alternatives exist. Engines powered by natural gas, ethanol, propane, or dual-fuel systems (diesel for start-up, natural gas for primary operation) produce significantly less air pollution.
The South Coast AQMD defines an emergency backup generator as:
A standby ICE or turbine for non-utility power generation that does not operate more than 200 hours a year and is only operated in the event of an emergency power failure or for routine testing and maintenance.
Natural gas-fired emergency generators permitted by the South Coast AQMD can operate during Stage II or Stage III electrical emergencies declared by the Independent System Operator (ISO), as well as during actual or imminent blackouts. However, it's crucial to note that these operating hours count toward the total annual limit of 200 hours.
Operating your backup generator beyond the permitted 200-hour limit is a violation, potentially leading to fines. If you anticipate exceeding the limit, you should petition the South Coast AQMD's Hearing Board for a variance before exceeding the allowed hours.
Securing a variance isn't guaranteed. The Hearing Board evaluates each case, considering emissions impacts, mitigation measures, and other relevant factors. While legal representation isn't mandatory, it may be beneficial to hire an attorney or consultant to present a strong case. You can learn more about this process by visiting the Hearing Board section of the AQMD website.
Several options exist for legally operating an emergency backup generator.
Yes, it's possible to obtain a permit for natural gas-fired engines allowing operation beyond 200 hours per year. However, this requires compliance with Regulation XIII (modeling, offsets, BACT) and Regulation XIV (New Source Review for Toxics). Applications are reviewed individually, and the permitted hours can vary depending on the location.
You can request to update your permit to increase the allowed operating hours to the maximum 200 hours per year, as specified in South Coast AQMD's Rule 1110.2. However, testing and maintenance hours are generally limited to 20-50 hours annually under Rule 1470. Submit Form 400-A, a copy of your existing permit, and the applicable processing fee.
Micro-turbines offer a cleaner alternative to diesel engines. These systems, about the size of a refrigerator, typically generate 30 kilowatts of electricity. They generally run on gaseous fuels like natural gas or propane. Permits are required if the micro-turbines use landfill gas, regardless of size. No permits are required if the combined rating is less than 2,975,000 BTU per hour.
Consulting with the South Coast AQMD before purchasing any equipment is highly recommended. The process generally involves:
The typical processing time for a new permit is 2-3 months. However, the South Coast AQMD offers expedited processing for an additional fee, as outlined in Rule 301(v). This is subject to staff availability. Request expedited processing by submitting Form 400-XPP (PDF).
Permit fees vary depending on the type of equipment. Here's a summary:
| Type of Equipment | Fee Schedule |
|---|---|
| IC Engine, Emergency, 51-500 HP | B |
| IC Engine, Emergency, >500 HP | B |
| IC Engine, non-emergency, 50-500 HP | B |
| IC Engine, non-emergency, >500 HP | C |
| Certified ICE | 50% of A |
| Administrative Change of Conditions | Administrative change of conditions |
| Gas turbines, landfill/digester gas , <0.3 MW | B |
Small businesses (less than 10 employees and gross income under $500,000) receive a 50% discount. Equipment installed and operated without a permit is subject to a 150% fee. Check Rule 301 for the latest fee information.
By understanding these regulations and guidelines, you can ensure the responsible operation of emergency generators while minimizing their impact on our environment and adhering to air quality standards.
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